a town on the Bergstraße trade route about 18 km northeast of Mannheim in Landkreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jewish
History
In the 16th century, a handful of Jews settled in Hemsbach and primarily made their living selling cheap meats. A Jewish cemetery close to Hemsbach was already in use by 1578 and later contained about a thousand graves. This cemetery is the oldest and largest in north Baden and served eight Jewish communities in the area. In the 19th century, Jews in Hemsbach made a living mainly by selling cattle and also by farming, storekeeping, peddling, and money lending. In 1846, a synagogue was built to replace the former public hall, used for hundreds of years for public prayers, which had burned down. Space was also allotted for offices, a school, and a mikvah. The community kept growing until the start of the seventies, and reached its highest population (140 Jews) in 1871. From then on, migration and urbanization caused the number of Jews to diminish. At the start of the 20th century, only 100 Jews were left in Hemsbach. In WWI, four Jews from Hemsbach died: Moritz Dokov, Sigmund Oppenheimer, Sigmund Pfaltzer, Julius Simon. With the rise of the Nazis in the 1930s, their number was cut in half. By 1941, no Jews were left in Hemsbach. |
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List of Jews (1661-1815) |
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Vital records |
Births |
Marriages |
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Deaths |
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1815 Surname adoptions |
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Burial register |
The
following chart is an attempt (based on known sources) to trace the
lineage of Hemsbach residents from the patronymic period up to the
adoption of surnames. As new information becomes available, this chart
will be updated and, hopefully, become increasingly more accurate.
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Notes: In the chart below, death dates [d.] are based on the Hemsbach cemetery burial register (Berthold Rosenthal Collection) |
KALMAN | EMRICH / MAAS | OPPENHEIMER | ZIMMER / FÜRST | JANKAU | JAKOB | |
1670 | Isaac | |||||
1677 | Joseph | |||||
1710 | Eisig Salomon |
Josef | ||||
1717 | Itzig
[80] Salomon [42] Borich [30] |
Josef
[70] Feis [33] |
Simon Löw Oppenheimer [38] | |||
1722 | Salomon
Isaac Baruch Isaac Zacharias Isaac |
Feist |
Samuel | |||
1726 | Simon Hayum |
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1727 | Lazarus | |||||
1729 | Salomon
[d. 1742] Baruch Zacharias Josef |
Feist | Samson | |||
1743 | Leser
Salomon {wife, 2 daughters, father} (Eyssig Salomon widow) {daughter - 1 married daughter in Rimbach} Baruch {wife} |
Veiss
Joseph {wife, son, daughter, mother - 2 married sons in Hemsbach and Sachsen} Hayum Veist [d. 1747] {wife, father, mother} |
Simon
Löw {wife, 2 sons, 4 daughters - 2 married sons in Hemsbach and Hoffenheim, 2 married daughters in Hemsbach, Heppenheim, and ?} Hayum Simon {wife, daughter, mother} |
Samuel
Anschel {wife, 3 sons} |
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1744 | Baruch Zacharias |
Feist
Josef [d. 1747] Hertz Feist |
Samson
Löw [d. 1753] Hayum Samson |
Samuel | Löw Mennle | |
1746 | Herz Feist | Joseph Samuel [d. 1755] | Löw Emmanuel | |||
1753 | Löser
Salomon |
(Veist
Joseph widow) Herz Veist |
(Simon
Löw widow) Hayum Simon |
Samuel Anschel [d. 1755] | Löb Mäntle | |
1765 | Löser
Salomon Callman Zacharias |
(Veist
Joseph widow) Herz Veist Josef Veist |
(Simon
Löw widow) Löw Simon Hayum Simon |
(Samuel Anschel widow) | Löw
Emanuel Simon Emanuel |
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1771 | Leser
Salomon Salomon Zacharias |
Herz
Veist [d. 1794] Josel Feist [d. 1794] Zippora (widow of Veist ?) |
Löw
Simon [d. 1772] Hayum Simon [d. 1788] (Löw Simon widow) |
(Samuel
Anschel widow/ Abraham Samuel mother) Abraham Samuel |
Löw
Mendel Simon Mendel |
Mordge Marx |
1801 | Feiss
Josel Löw Herz Samuel Herz |
Simon
Löw
Oppenheimer Herz Löw Oppenheimer Joel Hayum Agate (Hayum Oppenheimer widow) |
Lazarus
Abraham Abraham Samuel |
Simon
Mendele Löw Simon Löw Emanuel (Löw Emanuel Kaals widow) (Simon Emanuel widow) Salomon Levi * |
Marx Jacob | |
1815 | Moses KALMAN [57] | Feist
Jossel EMRICH [61] Löw Herz MAAS [61] ** Samuel Herz MAAS [55] |
Simon
OPPENHEIMER [57] Herz OPPENHEIMER [56] Joel Chaim OPPENHEIMER [49] Jachet OPPENHEIMER [67] Zacharias OPPENHEIMER [30] |
Leiser
Abraham ZIMMER [52] Anschel Afrom FURST [38] |
Mandel
Löw
JANKAU [62] Salomon Löw JANKAU [47] Simon Löw JANKAU [57] |
Mardochei JAKOB [77] |
* In Berthold Rosenthal notes of records from 1796, there is a
reference to a Salomon Löw Levi (this must be the later
Salomon Löw JANKAU) ** In Berthold Rosenthal notes of records from 1785, Löw Herz MAAS was previously Löw Herz Feist (confirming his paternal line) The following individuals show up in the records intermittently but do not appear to have a continuous lineage to the 19th century in Hemsbach: Machol (1661) Hertz (1676) Sara, wid. (1676) Schumger (1710) Soger (1710, 1717 [46]) Wolf Aaron (1717 [30], 1722, 1729, 1743 {wife, father}, 1744, 1753) Daniel (1729) Mayer Nickelsburger (1746) Isaak Bar BAER (1815 [22]) References 1. Allemania Judaica: Hemsbach community (translation), Hemsbach cemetery (translation) 2. Berthold Rosenthal Collection (sources in Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe (GLA))
3. Der Förderverein Ehemalige Synagoge in Hemsbach e.V. (translation)s 4. "Hemsbach." Pinkas ha-kehilot Germanyah : entsiklopedyah shel ha-yishuvim ha-Yehudim le-min hivasdam ve-'ad le-ahar Sho'at Milhemet ha-'olam ha-sheniyah: Württemberg, Hohenzollern, Baden. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1986. pp. 323-325. 5. Hössler, Harald. Juden in Hemsbach 1660-1933. Heidelberg: Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg, 1984. 6. Kastner, Julius Friedrich. Hemsbach an der Bergstraße im Wandel der Zeit. Hemsbach: 1980. |